Friday, May 13, 2005

On Polygamy

Question: Why is a man allowed to have more than one wife in Islam? i.e. why is polygamy allowed in Islam?
Answer: ( by Dr. Zakir Naik)
1. Definition of Polygamy
Polygamy means a system of marriage whereby one person has more than one spouse. Polygamy can be of two types. One is polygyny where a man marries more than one woman, and the other is polyandry, where a woman marries more than one man. In Islam, limited polygyny is permitted; whereas polyandry is completely prohibited.
Now coming to the original question, why is a man allowed to have more than one wife?
2. The Qur'an is the only religious scripture in the world that says,"marry only one".
The Qur'an is the only religious book, on the face of this earth, that contains the phrase `marry only one'. There is no other religious book that instructs men to have only one wife. In none of the other religious scriptures, whether it be the Vedas, the Ramayan, the Mahabharat, the Geeta, the Talmud or the Bible does one find a restriction on the number of wives. According to these scriptures one can marry as many as one wishes. It was only later, that the Hindu priests and the Christian Church restricted the number of wives to one.
Many Hindu religious personalities, according to their scriptures, had multiple wives. King Dashrat, the father of Rama, had more than one wife. Krishna had several wives.
In earlier times, Christian men were permitted as many wives as they wished, since the Bible puts no restriction on the number of wives. It was only a few centuries ago that the Church restricted the number of wives to one.
Polygyny is permitted in Judaism. According to Talmudic law, Abraham had three wives, and Solomon had hundreds of wives. The practice of polygyny continued till Rabbi Gershom ben Yehudah (960 C.E to 1030 C.E) issued an edict against it. The Jewish Sephardic communities living in Muslim countries continued the practice till as late as 1950, until an Act of the Chief Rabbinate of Israel extended the ban on marrying more than one wife.
3. Hindus are more polygynous than Muslims
The report of the `Committee of The Status of Woman in Islam', published in 1975 mentions on page numbers 66 and 67 that the percentage of polygamous marriages between the years 1951 and 1961 was 5.06% among the Hindus and only 4.31% among the Muslims.
According to Indian law only Muslim men are permitted to have more than one wife. It is illegal for any non-Muslim in India to have more than one wife. Despite it being illegal, Hindus have more multiple wives as compared to Muslims. Earlier, there was no restriction even on Hindu men with respect to the number of wives allowed. It was only in 1954, when the Hindu Marriage Act was passed that it became illegal for a Hindu to have more than one wife. At present it is the Indian Law that restricts a Hindu man from having more than one wife and not the Hindu scriptures.
Let us now analyse why Islam allows a man to have more than one wife.
4. Qur'an permits limited polygyny
As I mentioned earlier, Qur'an is the only religious book on the face of the earth that says `marry only one'. The context of this phrase is the following verse from Surah Nisa of the Glorious Qur'an:
"Marry women of your choice, two, or three, or four; but if ye fear that ye shall not be able to deal justly (with them), then only one."
[Al-Qur'an 4:3]
Before the Qur'an was revealed, there was no upper limit for polygyny and many men had scores of wives, some even hundreds. Islam put an upper limit of four wives. Islam gives a man permission to marry two, three or four women, only on the condition that he deals justly with them.
In the same chapter i.e. Surah Nisa verse 129 says:
"Ye are never able to be fair and just as between women...." [Al-Qur'an 4:129]
Therefore polygyny is not a rule but an exception. Many people are under the misconception that it is compulsory for a Muslim man to have more than one wife.
Broadly, Islam has five categories of Do's and Don'ts:
i. `Fard' i.e. compulsory of obligatory
ii. `Mustahab' i.e. recommended or encouraged
iii. `Mubah' i.e. permissible or allowed
iv. `Makruh' i.e. not recommended or discouraged
v. `Haraam' i.e. prohibited or forbidden
Polygyny falls in the middle category of things that are permissible. It cannot be said that a Muslim who has two, three or four wives is a better Muslim as compared to a Muslim who has only one wife.
5. Average life span of females is more than that of males
By nature males and females are born in approximately the same ratio. A female child has more immunity than a male child. A female child can fight the germs and diseases better than the male child. For this reason, during the pediatric age itself there are more deaths among males as compared to the females.
During wars, there are more men killed as compared to women. More men die due to accidents and diseases than women. The average life span of females is more than that of males, and at any given time one finds more widows in the world than widowers.
6. India has more male population than female due to female foeticide and infanticide
India is one of the few countries, along with the other neighbouring countries, in which the female population is less than the male population. The reason lies in the high rate of female infanticide in India, and the fact that more than one million female foetuses are aborted every year in this country, after they are identified as females. If this evil practice is stopped, then India too will have more females as compared to males.
7. World female population is more than male population
In the USA, women outnumber men by 7.8 million. New York alone has one million more females as compared to the number of males, and of the male population of New York one-third are gays i.e sodomites. The U.S.A as a whole has more than twenty-five million gays. This means that these people do not wish to marry women. Great Britain has four million more females as compared to males. Germany has five million more females as compared to males. Russia has nine million more females than males. God alone knows how many million more females there are in the whole world as compared to males.
8. Restricting each and every man to have only one wife is not practical
Even if every man got married to one woman, there would still be more than thirty million females in U.S.A who would not be able to get husbands (considering that America has twenty five million gays). There would be more than four million females in Great Britain, 5 million females in Germany and nine million females in Russia alone who would not be able to find a husband.
In Western society, it is common for a man to have mistresses and/or multiple extra-marital affairs, in which case, the woman leads a disgraceful, unprotected life. The same society, however, cannot accept a man having more than one wife, in which women retain their honourable, dignified position in society and lead a protected life.
Thus the only two options before a woman who cannot find a husband is to marry a married man or to become public property. Islam prefers giving women the honourable position by permitting the first option and disallowing the second.There are several other reasons, why Islam has permitted limited polygyny, but it is mainly to protect the modesty of women.

7 comments:

Monicaatje said...

It was very interesting for me, and my western eyes, to read this post. Western culture often critizes Islam for the kind of treatment women get there.

For example, I know many women who would never accept their husband to have a second, third or fourth wife (neither would they accept a mistress). many women feel that a man is no longer necessary to protect them or take care of them. Their modesty is not threatened by not being married, it's something more accepted every day.

It was shocking for me to read "not be able to find a husband". We are not some kind of merchandies waiting in a store to be picked, are we? I don't think so, i don't feel like that and hope to never feel like that. It sounds kinda harsh and even pejorative... "not be able.

I respect polygamy when it's voluntarily chosen by all the actors involved and accepted and they all know. And I also respect women who do not get married, maybe cuz they don't want to.

Again, interesting post, still chewing on it i guess.

PS: you forgot to mention the number of lesbians who don't want to marry a man.

Enchanted Mind said...

Tx Mon, for giving me this link.

BTW, I feel that there is a flaw in this explanation. The article kinda opines that (atleast to my interpretation) Islam allows polygamy by taking into consideration the male-female ratios but not the other religions. No, it could ahve been that even the other religions permitted the same for the very same purpose. After all, wars ver y common those days.

And the clause that allows to be "justly with the women " itself sounds cliched for me. And unforunately, I consider that mariage law prohibiting non-muslims in India to have more than one wife to be unwarranted. Though I appreciate the thoughts of the law makers to consider the religious beliefs while making laws, it is an irony that it happens when the law is being made for a secular state - where no matter what, people are treated equal in the eyes of law.

BTW, those are my personal opinions and I believe I cannot make any statements until I know the beliefs of all the religions and I wld never know it, because in my opinion all the religions have went through a major change during the evolution.

Monicaatje said...

Is it possible to love more than one person in the way a husband should love his wife and viceversa?

I guess the Qur'an assumes it is, otherwise i don't see how it would be possible to deal justly with them all.

Still chewing

D said...

Oh holy Qur'an the book of marriage law. Let all abide by this law and not by the legislations imposed by the respective constitution.

And it is the book of Criminal Law (Chop his hand) as well, and Civil Law ( Stone to death ).

Imagine a modern day American prophet; We would all end up becoming Islamic ..... or we would be shot.

By bye religion seekers, here comes my book of Constitution...errr.... the religious way. (which means it's taboo to oppose it)

Is this really what we expect from a religion? To tell us how to deal with the marriage law (or any other law , for that matter) ? I think religion should serve a deeper purpose and the realization of this truth, is the doom of the hybrid between Religion and Constitution.

And it is already on, in case you missed the news.

D said...

I don't intend to convert you or anything. (So don't blame me if you end up getting converted. :) )
It's just that a smart person like you should know that this exists.

D said...

Let's discuss unequal treatment of communities in democracies on another day.

(I personally believe it's funny, but it has its point ..... i think)

Tasha said...

D, you are so anti-Islamic that it blinds your objective vision to most matters…